There are two main charsets:
UTF-8(Unicode) and ISO-8859-1. UTF-8 lets one handle more characters than ISO-8859-1 (such as arabic and chinese characters).HTML files that should handle unicode characters must have this set in the header:
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
</head>Here one could also use 'iso-8859-1' instead.
If you need to convert between
ISO-8859-1 and UTF-8 in PHP the functions utf8_encode and utf8_decode are useful. utf8_encode will convert from ISO-8859-1 to UTF-8 and utf8_decode from UTF-8 to ISO-8859-1. The use of the functions is:
$utf8string = utf8_encode( $iso-8859-1string );
$iso-8859-1string = utf8_decode( $utf8string );In addition to
UTF-8 there are two other Unicode standards UTF-16 and UTF-32. The difference is how many bytes are used to store a character and thus how many different characters can be stored. UTF-32 is in little use, and so is UTF-16, but UTF-16 is used in more places.To convert between these Unicode charsets use
iconv. It is used like this:$utf16string = iconv("utf-8", "utf-16", $utf8str);or
$utf8string = iconv("utf-16", "utf-8", $utf16str);incov can also be used to convert from other character sets such as ISO-8859-1 like this:$utf16string = iconv("iso-8859-1", "utf-16", $iso-8859-1string);Solutions found at: http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.utf8-decode.php, http://php.net/manual/en/function.utf8-encode.php, http://www.experts-exchange.com/Web_Development/Web_Languages-Standards/PHP/Q_21916597.html, and http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.iconv.php.
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